Radiator performance is affected by multiple factors, which require close attention during design and maintenance:
1.Structural Parameters: Fin spacing of finned radiators (too small leads to dust accumulation, too large reduces convection efficiency; typically 8-15mm), fin height/thickness (higher fins result in a larger heat dissipation area, but excessive thickness increases thermal resistance), number of radiator arrays (more arrays result in a larger heat dissipation area, but must be matched with the oil tank volume).
2.Fluid Parameters: Oil-side velocity (approximately 0.1-0.3 m/s for natural convection, approximately 0.5-1.5 m/s for forced circulation; higher velocity results in a higher heat transfer coefficient), air-side wind speed (approximately 0.2-0.5 m/s for natural convection, approximately 2-5 m/s for air cooling; increased wind speed significantly reduces air-side thermal resistance).
3.Environmental factors: Ambient temperature (the higher the temperature, the smaller the oil-air temperature difference, and the lower the heat dissipation efficiency; close monitoring is needed in summer), air humidity (high humidity easily leads to condensation on the radiator surface, which will corrode the metal over time and reduce thermal conductivity), dust/oil stains (accumulation on the radiator surface will form a heat insulation layer, increasing thermal resistance; regular cleaning is required).
4.Material properties: Radiator materials are usually low-carbon steel (thermal conductivity approximately 45-50 W/(m·K)) or aluminum alloy (thermal conductivity approximately 200-230 W/(m·K)). Aluminum alloy has higher heat dissipation efficiency, but it is also more expensive; the choice should be made based on economic considerations.
